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Apollo provides powerful GraphQL tools and a neat abstraction layer for connecting to Apito's instant API platform. You don't need to worry about constructing queries with request body, headers and options that you might have done with axios or fetch. You can directly write GraphQL queries and mutations using our API builder's generated schema, and they will automatically be sent to your database API via your apollo client instance.
Hello! 👋 This short tutorial gets you up and running with Apollo Client.
For an introduction to the entire Apollo platform, check out Odyssey, Apollo's interactive learning platform.
To start this tutorial, do one of the following:
Create a new React project locally with Create React App, or Create a new React sandbox on CodeSandbox.
Applications that use Apollo Client require two top-level dependencies:
@apollo/client: This single package contains virtually everything you need to set up Apollo Client. It includes the in-memory cache,
local state management, error handling, and a React-based view layer.graphql: This package provides logic for parsing GraphQL queries.
Run the following command to install both of these packages:npm install @apollo/client graphql
If you're using a React sandbox from CodeSandbox and you encounter a TypeError, try downgrading the version of the graphql package to 15.8.0 in the Dependencies panel. If you encounter a different error after downgrading, refresh the page.
Our example application will use the FlyBy GraphQL API from Apollo Odyssey's Voyage tutorial series. This API provides a list of intergalactic travel locations and details about those locations 👽
With our dependencies set up, we can now initialize an ApolloClient instance.
In index.js, let's first import the symbols we need from @apollo/client:
import { ApolloClient, InMemoryCache, ApolloProvider, gql } from '@apollo/client';
Next we'll initialize ApolloClient, passing its constructor a configuration object with the uri and cache fields:
const client = new ApolloClient({
uri: "https://api.apito.io/secured/graphql",
cache: new InMemoryCache(),
headers: {
Authorization: `Bearer API_SECRET`,
},
});
uri specifies the URL of our GraphQL server. cache is an instance of InMemoryCache, which Apollo Client uses to cache query results after fetching them. That's it! Our client is ready to start fetching data. Now before we start using Apollo Client with React, let's first try sending a query with plain JavaScript.
In the same index.js file, call client.query() with the query string (wrapped in the gql template literal) shown below:
// const client = ...
client
.query({
query: gql`
query GetBooks {
books {
id
title
description
publication
}
}
`,
})
.then((result) => console.log(result));
Run this code, open your console, and inspect the result object. You should see a data property with locations attached, along with some other properties like loading and networkStatus. Nice!
Although executing GraphQL operations directly like this can be useful, Apollo Client really shines when it's integrated with a view layer like React. You can bind queries to your UI and update it automatically as new data is fetched.
Let's look at how that works!
You connect Apollo Client to React with the ApolloProvider component. Similar to React's Context.Provider, ApolloProvider wraps your React app and places Apollo Client on the context, enabling you to access it from anywhere in your component tree.
In index.js, let's wrap our React app with an ApolloProvider. We suggest putting the ApolloProvider somewhere high in your app, above any component that might need to access GraphQL data.
import { React } from 'react';
import * as ReactDOM from 'react-dom/client';
import { ApolloClient, InMemoryCache, ApolloProvider } from '@apollo/client';
import App from './App';
const client = new ApolloClient({
uri: "https://api.apito.io/secured/graphql",
cache: new InMemoryCache(),
headers: {
Authorization: `Bearer API_SECRET`,
},
});
// Supported in React 18+
const root = ReactDOM.createRoot(document.getElementById('root'));
root.render(
<ApolloProvider client={client}>
<App />
</ApolloProvider>,
);
After your ApolloProvider is hooked up, you can start requesting data with useQuery. The useQuery hook is a React hook that shares GraphQL data with your UI.
Switching over to our App.js file, we'll start by replacing our existing file contents with the code snippet below:
App.js
// Import everything needed to use the `useQuery` hook
import { useQuery, gql } from '@apollo/client';
export default function App() {
return (
<div>
<h2>My first Apollo app 🚀</h2>
</div>
);
}
We can define the query we want to execute by wrapping it in the gql template literal:
const GET_BOOKS = gql`
query GetBOOKS {
books {
id
title
description
publication
image
}
}
`;
Next, let's define a component named DisplayLocations that executes our GET_LOCATIONS query with the useQuery hook:
function DisplayLocations() {
const { loading, error, data } = useQuery(GET_BOOKS);
if (loading) return <p>Loading...</p>;
if (error) return <p>Error :(</p>;
return data.locations.map(({ id, title, description, publication, image }) => (
<div key={id}>
<h3>{title}</h3>
<img width="400" height="250" alt="location-reference" src={`${image}`} />
<br />
<b>About this location:</b>
<p>{description}</p>
<br />
</div>
));
}
Whenever this component renders, the useQuery hook automatically executes our query and returns a result object containing loading, error, and data properties:
Apollo Client automatically tracks a query's loading and error states, which are reflected in the loading and error properties. When the result of your query comes back, it's attached to the data property. Finally, we'll add DisplayLocations to our existing component tree:
export default function App() {
return (
<div>
<h2>My first Apollo app 🚀</h2>
<br/>
<DisplayLocations />
</div>
);
}
When your app reloads, you should briefly see a loading indicator, followed by a list of locations and details about those locations! If you don't, you can compare your code against the completed app on CodeSandbox.
Congrats, you just made your first component that renders with GraphQL data from Apollo Client! 🎉 Now you can try building more components that use useQuery and experiment with the concepts you just learned.
Now that you've learned how to fetch data with Apollo Client, you're ready to dive deeper into creating more complex queries and mutations. After this section, we recommend moving on to:
Queries: Learn how to fetch queries with arguments and dive deeper into configuration options. For a full list of options, check out the API reference for useQuery.Mutations: Learn how to update data with mutations and when you'll need to update the Apollo cache. For a full list of options, check out the API reference for useMutation.Apollo Client API: Sometimes, you'll need to access the client directly like we did in our plain JavaScript example above. Visit the API reference for a full list of options.